Pennsylvania, state file 38

Coverage summary

• NONE FOUND is a statement about publication, not about service delivery.
• Obligations under IDEA are not evidence of a program.

• 807Units in frameExhaustive frame
• 755Readable subsetThe frame less NOT VERIFIABLE and NOT AUDITED: every unit whose pages were read
• 39PROGRAM rows with a weak-evidence flag

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

District coverage

One row per unit in frame. The table opens on each unit's coverage code and flags; Detailed adds the evidence note, the source, how the page was read, the pass at which the code was set, and every other column. Search, filter by code or agency type, and page through every row.

• NONE FOUND is a statement about publication, not about service delivery.
• Obligations under IDEA are not evidence of a program.

Operator silence

Counted in both directions for each statewide provider: the provider's own published count, and the agencies in frame that name the provider as a Deaf and hard of hearing service mechanism, named outright.

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

Publication against identified population

The state does not publish counts by agency, so this measure is not reported; it is never supplied where the state does not publish them (FRM-005 section 3).

The FRM-002 measure is not supported for Pennsylvania as a ratio over the identified population: the state publishes the identified population by home district with a suppression rule (10 or fewer printed as "*") that hides 623 of 675 rows, and no instrument read gives a count by place of education. The partial figures are carried as floors and marked as such. The measure says nothing about where pupils are educated: a district that publishes nothing may send every deaf pupil to its intermediate unit, a chartered school or an approved private school, none of which appears in the table's rows.

State indicators

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

Identified population over time

The count of identified students with hearing impairment and with deaf-blindness as the primary category, for each year the state publishes, as published. Where two instruments give a count for the same year, both rows are shown with their sources. No change between years is computed.

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

Fiscal channels

The channels at FRM-003, each with its status. Amounts are as published, nominal, and marked enacted or appropriated; they are not added across channels, and no per-pupil figure is computed.

Every figure a channel carries

Where a channel carries a series, each fiscal year as published with its basis (actual, revised, enacted, appropriated, or as the instrument names it). The figures are not added across years or channels.

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

Workforce

The standards and the supply behind a Deaf child's classroom: the qualification the state requires of an educational interpreter, the training and preparation programs, the teacher of the deaf credential, shortage designations, the paraprofessional, intervener, and audiologist standards, and the special education workforce. Each figure is as published; no ratio is computed.

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

Schools and programs

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

The remaining columns (ages or grades, communication and language approach, ASL availability, residential service, enrollment, cost to family, governance basis, accreditation, leadership, notes, and primary source) are part of the licensed state file. Access tiers and the licence request route

The frame

The frame is every local education agency and deaf-serving school Pennsylvania carries as a unit of educational responsibility, built from the EdNA Educational Entities and Administrators extract of 4 October 2026 (the state directory, re-verified against the v1.0 extract of 17 September: six entities added, none gone, no web address or status changed) and the CCD 2024-25 LEA universe beside it: 500 school districts, 179 charter schools including the cyber charter schools (each its own local education agency under 22 Pa. Code Chapter 711, so all are audited individually), 29 intermediate units, 74 career and technical centers, 9 special program jointures (the four of v1.0 and five EdNA additions entered as corrections at the owner's direction of 4 October 2026), 8 state juvenile correctional institutions, the four chartered schools for the deaf and the blind named in Public School Code section 1376.1, three approved private schools serving deaf pupils and Royer-Greaves School for the Blind as a boundary row: 807 units. Every unit with a web address was read in the rendered browser on 4 and 5 October 2026 (attempt one), the failed hosts, recaptures and no-URL rows on 5 and 8 October (attempt two), the Mastery network host and eighteen v1.0 evidence pages on 11 October (the build), the EdNA and CCD address fields compared with the host read on every row (D-043), and every keyword hit reviewed by the compiler against its capture on 11 October. No state-operated deaf school exists: Act 50 of 2009 abolished the Scranton State School for the Deaf.

Frame count

807

Frame

Exhaustive

The deaf and blind boundary decision

Deaf-blindness is carried where the instruments name it: PennData prints a Deaf-Blindness column (78 on December 1, 2024, after 60, 51, 59, 55, 63, 57, 65, 75 and 73 in the nine earlier years; by home district almost always suppressed); the Pennsylvania Deaf-Blind Project at PaTTAN publishes no count on the pages read. The two chartered schools for the blind are boundary entities coded on their own rows (Overbrook MENTION on its audiology service; WPSBC PROGRAM on its deafblind programming with interveners, audiological services and a Deaf Blind Resource Team), Royer-Greaves School for the Blind a boundary row (NONE FOUND: "Students with both hearing and visual disabilities enroll" in a dual-sensory program line, one hit on a blind school's page), and the intermediate units' Deaf-Blind Resource Teams (IU 1, AIU 3, LIU 12, IU 13, BLaST IU 17, MCIU 23 and others) are recorded on the IU rows. The four chartered schools sit under one statute and one appropriation line, two for the deaf and two for the blind, and the appropriation publishes no per-school split.

Reference years and frameworks

Enrollment and child count

The PennData December 1, 2024 child count (school year 2024-25), the baseline; the Statistical Summary 2024-2025 (March 2026) is the latest book on 8 October 2026; no 2025-26 book exists.

Fiscal

FY 2024-25 enacted, the state fiscal year funding the baseline school year 2024-25, with 2023-24, 2025-26 and 2026-27 beside it, from three enacted General Fund documents (byte originals).

Institutional framework

As in force on 5 and 8 October 2026: the Public School Code as palegis.us serves it and 22 Pa. Code at code currency 56 Pa.B. 5370 (8 August 2026).

Frameworks applied

FRM-001 1.0, FRM-002 1.0, FRM-003 1.0, FRM-004 1.0, FRM-005 1.0, STD-002 1.2

The method as applied

Normalizations in force

Every normalization applied in this run: the FRM-004 set and the state's own standing false positives, as the file records them.

• MENTION requires a hearing term on a held capture (FRM-004 as applied here): the Chapter 14 or IDEA disability list on a district page (deafness, hearing impairment, deaf-blindness: the eligibility recital, the commonest form), or the support-type recital: the PDE template "deaf or hearing impaired support, for students who primarily need assistance with deafness" and the definition "Deaf and hard of hearing support, for children who require services related to deafness or hearing impairment".
• MENTION also rests on the school nurse's mandated hearing screening by grade under Public School Code section 1402 (nurse hearing screening, which v1.0 had not applied; about 40 rows), and on a related service named only as a list item under D-037 ("Audiology", "Hearing Support", "vision and hearing therapies", "audiologist services" among related or ACCESS-reimbursable services).
• MENTION further covers a hearing specialist named among evaluators, an intermediate-unit-provided hearing support or teacher of the deaf named on a district page (the operator in its own fields under D-038), an evaluation or Child Find area naming hearing, and a chartered school, approved private school or the chartered schools as a class named in a placement list or policy.
• NONE FOUND holds where the only hits are boilerplate: the USDA nondiscrimination statement naming American Sign Language (20 units), the Section 504 major-life-activities recital ("seeing, hearing, speaking"), public, Act 34, Section 780, due process, expulsion and records hearings, hearing officers, interpreters for parents with limited English proficiency, "hearing from" and "hearing about", the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and an insurer's hearing-benefit link.
• A delivery mechanism named without a hearing term (an intermediate unit, neighboring districts, approved private schools as a class) is NONE FOUND with the mechanism recorded (PMT-006 section 6, as New York and Louisiana applied it); FRM-004 section 2 reads such a naming as MENTION, and the difference is logged as a conflict for LOG-001 rather than resolved here.
• PROGRAM requires the unit's own deaf or hard of hearing staff, program or service on its own site or published program description: 22 districts (the two cities, North Allegheny, Somerset, Methacton, Neshaminy and the others), 27 of 29 intermediate units, Philadelphia AVTS on the district's page, the fifteen Mastery campuses, Agora Cyber CS, the two chartered schools for the deaf, WPSBC's deafblind program and the three approved private schools serving deaf pupils.
• The weak flag marks a PROGRAM resting on a staff category or a single related-services staff list (IU 5, IU 6, IU 9, IU 19), a district's own statement that it provides or operates the support without a staff member, classroom or provider named (Abington, Wallenpaupack, Williams Valley, Bentworth, York Suburban, Conneaut, Punxsutawney, Neshaminy), or one sentence on a network page (the fifteen Mastery campuses).
• The weak flag also marks the template statement "Hearing Support Services are provided for students who have an identified impairment in hearing" shared word for word by four districts (Armstrong, California Area, South Fayette, Upper St. Clair): 39 weak rows in all, every one listed for the January 2027 deep review (the owner, 11 October 2026).
• Three recitals that v1.0 coded differently on the same words are aligned: the Chapter 14 definition "Deaf and hard of hearing support, for children who require services related to deafness or hearing impairment" is MENTION wherever it appears (Neshaminy, coded PROGRAM at v1.0 without the flag, keeps PROGRAM with the flag on the support listed among its own programs and its ACCESS reimbursable "Interpreter services" and "Audiology").
• A district's own statement of provision is PROGRAM (weak) wherever it appears (Punxsutawney and Armstrong raised from MENTION), and the template provision statement is PROGRAM (weak) at all four districts that carry it (California Area gains the flag).
• NOT OPERATING is coded only where the evidence is definitive (the owner's rule of 11 October 2026): Midland Innovation and Technology CS on its own closure notice effective July 30, 2025, still posted on 11 October 2026 (read live), and Premier Arts and Science CS on CCD 2024-25 Inactive with 0 operational schools, a host dead on both days and a 404 on the host one search found.
• Math Civics and Sciences CS (CCD Inactive but a live home page) and the five EdNA-addition jointures (no web presence, no CCD row) are NOT VERIFIABLE with the deep review mark until the January 2027 deep review decides whether they are NOT OPERATING (the owner, 11 October 2026).
• NOT VERIFIABLE carries the deep review mark (D-040) where two attempts on two days (4 and 8 October 2026; the retry units 4 and 5; River Valley 4 and 11) found no readable page and one D-039 search found no site: 20 listed-host units ("deep review, access"), 17 no-URL rows and The New Academy CS ("deep review, no source"), six retry units, River Valley SD (a placeholder, then an SSL error), Keystone Academy CS (its address repurposed), Math Civics and Sciences CS and the five jointures: 52 rows.
• All 52 NOT VERIFIABLE rows are listed for the January 2027 deep review (the owner, 11 October 2026). The four hijacked EdNA addresses (Governor Mifflin, Laboratory CS, First Philadelphia Prep, West Phila. Achievement) were never opened; Governor Mifflin and First Philadelphia were read on hosts one search found.
• Twelve units were read on a current host one D-039 search found after the listed address failed on both days or no address was listed (Pittsburgh-Mt Oliver IU 2, the Philadelphia CS for Arts and Sciences, Wyoming Valley West, Jeannette City, Northeastern York, Belmont, Memphis Street Academy, First Philadelphia Preparatory, Governor Mifflin, Young Scholars of Central PA, Inquiry, Pennwood Cyber on its operator's host), each coded from that host with the search as its route.
• D-043: 679 rows read at the listed EdNA or CCD address (an empty flag); 42 "address not taken from the state directory" (the host read is on a different registered domain from the directory's: the superseded hosts of the v1.0 stale-web log); 43 "no website in directory" (the juvenile institutions, the network campuses the directory lists under their network, the no-URL rows, the jointures).
• D-043, continued: 31 "listed address did not answer"; 5 "address held for the unit was wrong" (the hijacked addresses, Keystone Academy); 4 "listed address is a dead page"; 2 "listed address redirects to a new domain"; 1 "listed address mistyped in the directory" (The New Academy CS, https://-/).
• Units sharing a host were read once under the host row and coded from that read with the sharing stated: the seven other Propel campuses, three KIPP schools, MaST II and III, four Universal schools, Provident CS West, Hazleton Area SD and Warren County SD (the districts share hosts with their career centers); the fifteen Mastery campuses on the network's Specialized Services page read 11 October 2026.
• Eighteen v1.0 PROGRAM or MENTION rows whose quotations the crawl did not re-find were re-read live by the compiler on 11 October 2026: thirteen confirmed (content in lazy-loaded accordions or Finalsite blocks the parser did not hold, or a page the crawl missed; IU 19 and IU 29 keep PROGRAM, weak); five fell to NONE FOUND because the v1.0 evidence page now redirects or answers 404 (Corry Area, Oley Valley, Chester Community CS, Erie City, Valley View), listed for the January 2027 deep review.
• The eight state juvenile correctional institutions have no website of their own; their v1.0 NONE FOUND rested on the state Department of Human Services facility pages and is carried on the last version's record (trail section 3) with the deep review mark.
• The identified counts by unit are PennData Table 12's by home district (December 1, 2024): Hearing Impairment including Deafness carried where printed (52 rows, sum 1,070) and null where suppressed ("*", 10 or fewer, 623 rows) with the suppression stated in the row note; Deaf-Blindness likewise; intermediate units, centers, jointures, the chartered schools and the approved private schools carry null because the table has no row for them.
• The asl_course field records a course, class or club on the unit's pages with the catalog caveat (7 rows: PSD, WPSD, CAIU 15, Pressley Ridge, Parkland, and the Sign Language Club at Shenandoah Valley and the ASL Club at Pine-Richland as clubs); enrollment is not carried on any row (no instrument read publishes it by unit alongside the frame).
• NONE FOUND is a statement about publication on the unit's own site, not about service delivery: every Pennsylvania pupil is counted in the home district, the chartered schools appear nowhere in PennData, and neither chartered school for the deaf publishes a sending-district list.

The method and its known limitations

Nine limitations bound this run. First, the closure read is a keyword screen over the pages the probe reached in the rendered browser (a per-unit page cap from the home page and the special-education paths on 4 and 5 October; the failed hosts and recaptures on 5 and 8 October), so a program published deep in a site, inside a document, or in content the probe's parser did not hold (lazy-loaded accordions, Finalsite-rendered blocks) can be missed; the compiler review of every one of the 2,457 hits against its capture and the eighteen live re-reads of 11 October reduce but do not remove this. Second, 52 units are NOT VERIFIABLE with the deep review mark after two attempts on two calendar days and one D-039 search each, and twelve were coded from a live host a search found rather than their listed address; all move to the deep review scheduled for January 2027 (the owner, 11 October 2026). Third, the Mastery network host assigned to fifteen campus rows was read in neither closure attempt and its program sentence was read live on 11 October without a DOM snapshot (the automated download is blocked in this Chrome), as were Midland's closure notice and the eighteen re-reads; those captures are text only (the seven re-reads whose first read retained only the digest were read again the same night, the digest unchanged, and the full text filed). Fourth, the identified population is PennData's count by home district with a suppression rule that hides 623 of 675 rows, so the FRM-002 publication measure is carried as a floor and marked unsupported; no instrument read gives a count by place of education, and the chartered and approved private schools appear nowhere in the book. Fifth, the five EdNA-addition jointures entered the frame as corrections with no web presence and no CCD row, and whether they operate any school is undecided until the deep review. Sixth, several instruments stand on the v1.0 record marked as such and were not re-read: the PDE funding, ACCESS, contingency fund and IDEA-B pages, the DCED tax credit pages, the palegis.us bill searches, the OPTION members list and the Scranton School's own site; the federal 618 files fetched on 4 October were not carried into the figures. Seventh, the Pressley Ridge host refused the compiler's deeper read on 11 October (a Wordfence block) and the row rests on a two-page capture and the v1.0 full read. Eighth, no Internet Archive lookup was run, so every source rests on the Index's own captures and digests. Ninth, the mechanism rule applied here (a delivery mechanism named without a hearing term is NONE FOUND with the mechanism recorded, under PMT-006 section 6) differs from FRM-004 section 2 as written, and the conflict is logged for LOG-001 rather than resolved in this file.

Disclosure

Novara Consulting Group LLC, the publisher of the Index, has no financial, partnership or funding relationship with any Pennsylvania body named in this file. The v2.0 re-audit was built in the Index's own sequence (the v1.0 file of 17 September 2026 and this re-audit under NAT-004 v1.6, wave 1 of D-058, placed in October 2026 by D-065); no body or person requested it and no one funded it, so it is not a funded build under D-061. The two co-founders' declarations of 4 October 2026 under GOV-004 Rule 4 record no relationship with any body named and no formal or informal contact with any Pennsylvania body. No party had editorial input, and no Pennsylvania body was contacted about this file before the notice stage.

Compiled

October 29, 2026

Notice and correction record

Notice sent

October 12, 2026

Window closed

October 26, 2026

Responses

No response was received before the window closed.

Contact of record

Notice, comment, and correction on this state file reach the Index at the contact of record the file names.

Mailbox

notice@ndedi.org

Postal address

Novara Consulting Group LLC, 18140 Zane St NW #159, Elk River, MN 55330

Send a correction or a comment on this state file

Version history

• v2.0

  October 11, 2026, cause: re-audit

  Re-audit from the v1.0 standard (NAT-004 v1.6 section 3; wave 1 of D-058; D-065, the October placement). Frame re-verified on the EdNA extract of 4 October 2026 and CCD 2024-25 (807 units: five EdNA-addition jointures entered as corrections; 2 NOT OPERATING under D-045 on definitive evidence); closure read of every unit in the rendered browser on 4 and 5 October (attempt one) and 8 October (attempt two), the Mastery network host and seventeen v1.0 evidence pages read live on 11 October, every one of the 2,457 keyword hits reviewed by the compiler against its capture; coded 72 PROGRAM (39 weak), 318 MENTION, 363 NONE FOUND, 52 NOT VERIFIABLE (deep review mark, January 2027), 2 NOT OPERATING; 209 codes change from v1.0 (163 NONE FOUND to MENTION under the eligibility recital, the related-service and the nurse-screening rules; 4 district programs the v1.0 fetch could not open, North Allegheny among them). The D-043 route fields, the D-038 operator fields and the PennData Table 12 counts carried on every row (52 unsuppressed, sum 1,070); the FRM-002 measure tested and marked unsupported (397 of 1,070 as a floor). The count book, the May 2026 directory, the two Scranton audits and the two enacted appropriation documents held as byte originals with digests; the statutes and Chapter 14 re-read with browser digests; the statewide pages captured as rendered pages. Schema 1.3 modules (31 sources, 15 entities, ten FRM-003 channels with series, ten workforce items, seven records requests, the placement criteria indicator); the plain-language summary; the notice list of 43 recipients settled by the owner on 11 October 2026 (the 29 intermediate units individually; PSAD and HLAA Pennsylvania under D-071; the two auditory and oral schools under D-073). Baseline SY 2025. The v1.0 deliverables move to 05_Archive at release. Fiscal headline tied to FY 2024-25, the year funding the baseline school year, on 12 October 2026 (the 11 October build carried FY 2025-26); the series unchanged.

• v1.0

  September 17, 2026, cause: first release

  First release: narrative, workbook (seven sheets), trail, prompt as issued, evidence source record, URL manifest (829 rows), captures and verification scripts (174 reconciliation checks, all pass). Frame of 802 units (500 districts, 179 charter schools each its own LEA under 22 Pa. Code 711, 29 intermediate units, 74 CTCs, 4 jointures, 8 juvenile institutions, the four chartered schools of 1376.1, three deaf-serving approved private schools, one blind boundary row): 67 PROGRAM, 157 MENTION, 537 NONE FOUND, 40 NOT VERIFIABLE, 1 NOT OPERATING, zero NOT AUDITED; 44 approved private schools OUT OF FRAME as a class, zero promoted. Findings: 1376.1(a) names exactly four chartered private schools; the district pays the greater of 40 per cent of the approved rate or its own tuition charge and the Commonwealth the balance, escalated at 125 per cent of the prior special education increase, which the 2026-27 line reproduces; Act 50 of 2009 abolished the Scranton State School for the Deaf and paid $3.3 million plus $27,273 a pupil to move its pupils to WPSD's satellite; 27 of 29 intermediate units PROGRAM against 17 of 500 districts (13 weak; nine IUs found only in the rendered browser); PennData prints one category, 2,524 "Hearing Impairment including Deafness" and 78 "Deaf-Blindness" on the December 2024 count, flat across ten years, with the chartered schools nowhere in it; 1376.1(f.4) requires full-time equivalent enrolment each May and the May 2026 directory publishes rates only; seven approved private schools are licensed for deaf pupils and four publish no deaf program; both OPTION members are approved private schools on the same statute as the ASL schools; Clarke's campus is in Philadelphia, not Bryn Mawr; the interpreter standard is EIPA 3.5 (14.105(b)), kept by Act 143 of 2024; the formula is 2509.5(bbb) with three expenditure-category weights; no LEAD-K or bill of rights bill; the Auditor General's trail ends at two Scranton audits and 98 IU audits to 2019.

Checks record

Release checklist version

1.4

Run date

October 30, 2026

Reconciliation output

38_Pennsylvania_reconciliation_output_2026-10-30.txt

Run ledger identifiers

R-2026-10-11-03, R-2026-10-11-04

Custody and report checks

Report checks output

38_Pennsylvania_report_checks_2026-10-29.txt

UK spellings in the Index's own prose

0

Files in the evidence manifest

3,252

Evidence manifest check

Pass

Sources with an archive snapshot

0

Sources with no archive snapshot

0

Archive lookups that failed

0

Deposit

DOI for version 2.0

10.5281/zenodo.23308779

DOI for every version (resolves to the newest)

10.5281/zenodo.23308778

Deposit record

zenodo.org/records/23308779

Deposited

October 12, 2026

Licence on the record

Summary layer under the free terms; the licensed files are restricted on the record (STD-004 v1.0 section 3) (licensed files restricted; metadata and the summary export open)

SHA-256 of the package as imported

ef77c2469412a817494ea342aef64d0cb5a0dd184d48a01988f286297df571c8

Sources

Each source with its access date and its Internet Archive status as the archive status file recorded it at the run: a snapshot found, with its date and address; no snapshot; a lookup that failed; or not requested.

Gaps a records request could close

Each gap this file records that a request to a public body could close, with the record requested, the route, and the request as the file records it. A gap with an identifier has been asked; a gap without one has not yet been asked. The gap stands until the record is published.

As of October 11, 2026, the release date of this version.

The narrative profile

What the narrative covers

• In plain language
• Summary of findings
• Governance and legal framework
• The two chartered schools for the deaf
• The deaf and blind boundary
• The approved private schools that serve deaf pupils
• Philadelphia and Pittsburgh
• The intermediate unit layer and the district sector
• What local education agencies publish
• Data, and what the state does not measure
• Fiscal allocation and legislative context
• The workforce
• The statewide layer
• Open items
• Notice and correction
• Sources
• Annex A. How to read this file

The licensed state file for Pennsylvania carries the narrative profile of this version (13,730 words, rendered here for a licensee), the report and its evidence supplement as PDF and Word, and the workbook with every sheet, and it carries the same figures as this page. It is licensed per state, with a reduced-rate product for Deaf-led and disability organizations, and under the State Partner and national licences. How to request a licence

Downloads

Summary export, free

The frame, the tallies, the operator silence counts, the indicators, and the fiscal channels of this version. With them, every other part of this page that is free: the plain-language summary, the method as applied, the identified population over time, the workforce, the Schools and Programs directory, the records requests, the contact of record, and the archive status of the sources. The District Coverage rows and the identified population by agency are viewable on this page and are not in the export.

• Summary (CSV)

The licensed state file

These files are served to a signed-in account whose licence covers this state. Access tiers and the licence request route

Evidence captures, prompts, declarations, and drafts stay in the repository and are not published.